Analysis of the Influence of Risk Communications and Subjective Norms on the Purchase Intention of Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) and Their Impact on Perceived Risk
Indah Lestari *
Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Business, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Florentina Kurniasari
Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Business, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Prio Utomo
Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Business, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to study, analyze and reveal the factors influencing the interest in purchasing Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) in millennial mothers in the Jabodetabek area.
Study Design: Cross Sectional Quantitative Research.
Place and Duration of Study: 271 millennial parents in Jabodetabek who have bought soft structured carrier (SSC) at least once and still have kids below 1-year-old.
Methodology: This study used a quantitative with causal research approach and included 271 respondents (24 living in Depok, 32 living in Bogor, 56 living in Bekasi, 61 living in Tangerang, and 98 living in Jakarta; age range 25-40 years). The data gathered using questionnaire. Sample methods using the guideline from Hair et al. (2017); therefore, in this study, based on purposive (judgemental) sampling techniques and being analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM).
Results: The results of this study found that the direct relationship between risk communication (RC) had a positive and significant effect on perceived risk (PR) and purchase intention (PI), PR had a positive and significant effect on PI, but for subjective norms (SN), it was found that it did not affect PI. RC to PR has the most significant influence compared to other relationships. Attention to the RC factor can increase buying interest by only causing a PR factor in people's minds. Furthermore, in the indirect relationship, it is found that PR mediates the relationship between RC and PI. Therefore, PR has effectiveness in connecting RC with purchase intention.
Conclusion: Of the five hypotheses tested, one of them has no influence where Subjective norms were found not to affect Purchase intention. In indirect hypothesis testing, it is found that Perceived risk mediates the relationship between risk communication and purchase intention.
Keywords: Social media, risk communication, perceived risk, subjective norms, purchase intention
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Mu’minah A, Nugraha A. Values of traditional baby carrier in Indonesia. 2021; 212–223.
DOI: 10.51555/338654
Williams LR, Turner PR. Experiences with ‘baby wearing’: Trendy parenting gear or a developmentally attuned parenting tool? Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 2020;112:104918.
DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104918
Wu CY, Huang HR, Wang MJ. Baby carriers: A comparison of traditional sling and front-worn, rear-facing harness carriers. Ergonomics. 2017;60(1):111– 117.
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1168871
Vogels EA. Millennials stand out for their technology use, but older generations also embrace digital life. Pew Research Center; 2019.
Guni A, Normahani P, Davies A, Jaffer U. “Harnessing machine learning to personalize web-based health care content. J. Med. Internet Res. 2021; 23(10):1–11.
DOI: 10.2196/25497
Zhao Y, Zhang J. Consumer health information seeking in social media: A literature review. Health Info. Libr. J. 2017; 34(4)268–283.
DOI: 10.1111/hir.12192
Barua Z, Barua S, Aktar S, Kabir N, Li M. Effects of misinformation on COVID-19 individual responses and recommendations for resilience of disastrous consequences of misinforma-tion. Prog. Disaster Sci. 2020;8:100119.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100119
Puspitasari I, Firdauzy A. Characterizing consumer behavior in leveraging social media for e-patient and health-related activities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(18).
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183348
Deng Z, Liu S. Understanding consumer health information-seeking behavior from the perspective of the risk perception attitude framework and social support in mobile social media websites. Int. J. Med. Inform. 2017;105:98–109.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.05.014
Shim M, You M. Cognitive and affective risk perceptions toward food safety outbreaks: Mediating the relation between news use and food consumption intention. Asian J. Commun. 2015;25(1): 48–64.
DOI: 10.1080/01292986.2014.989242
Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Reis-Bergan M. The effect of risk communication on risk perceptions: The significance of individual differences. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 1999;50011(25):94–100.
DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024217
Liem S, Marta RF, Panggabean H, Ajisukmo CR. Comparative review between COVID-19 and stunting: Communication framework toward risk-mitigating behavior. Bul. Psikol. 2020; 28(2):113.
DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.59883
Susanto A, Al Musadieq M, Hidayat K, Iqbal M. Subjective norms as a mediation of the opportunity to donate factors and agreeableness personality that can affect the intention to donate. Manag. Sci. Lett. 2022;12(2):75–80.
DOI: 10.5267/j.msl.2021.11.001
Abrams EM, Greenhawt M. “Since January 2020 elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company ’ s public news and information”; 2020.
Adiyoso W, Wilopo. Social distancing intentions to reduce the spread of COVID-19: The extended theory of planned behavior. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1): 1–12.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11884-5
Heydari ST, et al. The effect of risk communication on preventive and protective behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: Mediating role of risk perception. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1–12.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10125-5
Mushi A, Yassin Y, Khan A, Yezli S, Almuzaini Y. Knowledge, attitude, and perceived risks towards COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of risk communication messages on healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy. 2021;14:2811–2824.
DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S306402
Constantinescu-Dobra A, Cotiu MA. Baby Wearing Buying Decision-making - A Focus Group Exploratory Study. 2017:26.
Yoo SW, Kim J. Lee Y. The effect of health beliefs, media perceptions, and communicative behaviors on health behavioral intention: An integrated health campaign model on social media. Health Commun. 2016;33(1):32–40.
DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1242033
Rachim MA, Rhodiah FK, Zakaria MH, and Prasetyawati YR. View of understanding citizen health protocol behavioral intention: The mediation role of perceived risk. Bussecon Rev. Soc. Sci. 2021;3(4):2687–2285.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36096/brss.v3i4.266
Fung TKF, Namkoong K, Brossard D. Media, social proximity, and risk: A comparative analysis of newspaper coverage of Avian Flu in Hong Kong and in the United States. J. Health Commun. 2011;16(8):889–907.
DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2011.561913
Seni NNA, Ratnadi NMD. Theory of planned behavior untuk memprediksi niat berinvestasi. E-Jurnal Ekon. dan Bisnis Univ. Udayana. 2017;12:4043.
DOI: 10.24843/eeb.2017.v06.i12.p01
Animah A, Suryantara AB, Astuti W. “Pengaruh sistem informasi akuntansi manajemen dan ketidakpastian lingkungan terhadap kinerja manajerial,” Akbis Media Ris. Akunt. dan Bisnis. 2021;155–171.
Artati D, Kaharti E, Susilowati I. “Analisis theory of planned behavior dalam memprediksi niat akuntan dalam memperoleh gelar chartered accountant di wilayah jawa tengah,” Fokus Bisnis Media Pengkaj. Manaj. dan Akunt. 2021;20(1): 80–91.
DOI: 10.32639/fokusbisnis.v20i1.833
Waqingah S. “Faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi niat berwirausaha berbasis komoditas pertanian”; 2019.
Jogiyanto HM. Sistem informasi keperilakuan. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset; 2007.
Andhika YF, Su’ud MM. “Efektivitas komunikasi risiko Covid-19 oleh pemerintah,” J. Gov. Innov. 2021;3(2):119–129.
DOI: 10.36636/jogiv.v3i2.731
Widyawati Y, Scholte RHJ, Kleemans T, Otten R. “Positive parenting and its mediating role in the relationship between parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Java Island, Indonesia,” Res. Dev. Disabil. 2021;112:103911.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103911
Zhu Y, Wen X, Chu M, Sun S, “Consumers’ intention to participate in food safety risk communication: A model integrating protection motivation theory and the theory of reasoned action,” Food Control. 2022;138.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108993
Ariffin SK, Ali NNK, Kamsan SNA. “The influence of crisis management on customer purchase intention". 2019:216–226.
DOI: 10.15405/epsbs.2019.08.22
Li Z, et al. “Impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior: A meta-analysis.” J. Bus. Ind. Mark. 2020;35(1): 76–96.
doi: 10.1108/JBIM-12-2018-0381
Mao Y, Lai Y, Luo Y, Liu S, Du Y, Zhou J. “Apple or Huawei : Understanding flow , brand image, brand identity, brand personality and purchase intention of smartphone.” 2020;1–22.
Terpstra T, Enader A, Gutteling J, Kuhlicke C. “Communicating disaster risk in public perception of risk.” Chapter 4,Communicating Disaster Risk. 2017; 393–440.
Putra WBTS, Ardianto B. “Why does risk communication matter ? preventive and excessive health why does risk communication matter ? preventive and excessive health behavior among uninfected people,” South Asian J. Soc. Stud. Econ; 2022.
DOI: 10.9734/SAJSSE/2022/v13i230355
Miao YY Huang JH. “Prevalence and associated psychosocial factors of increased hand hygiene practice during the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: Findings and prevention implications from a national survey in Taiwan,” Trop. Med. Int. Heal. 2012;17(5):604–612.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02966.x
Young S, Oppenheimer DM. “Effect of communication strategy on personal risk perception and treatment adherence intentions,” Psychol Heal. Med. 2009; 14(4):430–442.
DOI: 10.1080/13548500902890103
Gao S, Zhang Y, Liu W. “How does risk-information communication affect the rebound of online public opinion of public emergencies in China?,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021;18(15):1–14.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157760
Schmälzle R, Renner B, Schupp HT. “Health risk perception and risk communication,” Policy Insights from Behav. Brain Sci. 2017;4(2):163–169.
DOI: 10.1177/2372732217720223
Crowley-Cyr L, et al. “Jellyfish risk communications: The effect on risk perception, travel intentions and behaviour, and beach tourism destinations,” J. Hosp. Tour. Manag. 2022; 51:196–206.
Neuburger L, Egger R. “Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: A case study of the DACH region,” Curr. Issues Tour. 2021;24(7)1003–1016.
DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1803807
Hillson D, Murray-Webster R. “Managing risk attitude using emotional literacy”; 2006.
Lăzăroiu G, Neguriţă O, Grecu I, Grecu G, Mitran PC. “Consumers’ decision-making process on social commerce platforms: online trust, perceived risk, and purchase intentions.” Front. Psychol. 2020;11:1–7.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00890
Frewer L, Lassen J, Kettlitz B, Scholderer J, Beekman V, Berdal KG. “Societal aspects of genetically modified foods.” Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004;42(7):1181–1193.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.002
Guo Q, Yao N, Zhu W. “How consumers’ perception and information processing affect their acceptance of genetically modified foods in China: A risk communication perspective.” Food Res. Int. 2020;137:109518.
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109518
Kamalul Ariffin S, Mohan T, Goh YN. “Influence of consumers’ perceived risk on consumers’ online purchase intention.” J. Res. Interact. Mark. 2018;12(3):309–327.
DOI: 10.1108/JRIM-11-2017-0100
McDermott MS, Oliver M, Simnadis T, Beck E, Coltman T. “The theory of planned behaviour and dietary patterns: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Fac. Sci. Med. Heal; 2015.
Paquin RS, Keating DM. “Fitting identity in the reasoned action framework: A meta-analysis and model comparison,” J. Soc. Psychol. 2017;157(1):47–63.
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1152217
Fischer R, Karl JA, Fischer MV. “Norms across cultures: A cross- cultural meta-analysis of norms effects in the theory of planned behavior”; 2019.
DOI: 10.1177/0022022119846409
Jain S. “Assessing the moderating effect of subjective norm on luxury purchase intention: A study of Gen Y consumers in India.” Int. J. Retail Distrib. Manag. 2020; 48(5):517–536.
DOI: 10.1108/IJRDM-02-2019-0042
Peña-García N, Gil-Saura I, Rodríguez-Orejuela A, Siqueira-Junior JR. “Purchase intention and purchase behavior online: A cross-cultural approach. Heliyon. 2020; 6(6).
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04284
Yusuf DM, Zulfitri. Effect of attitude mediating subjective norm, perceived behaviour control, and perceived ease of use on online purchase intention fashion product category. Eur. J. Bus. Manag. Res. 2021;6(6):266–270.
DOI: 10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.6.1135
A. HEPTARIZA. The effect of attitude, normal subjective and Perceived behavioral control (Pbc) on actual purchasing through purchases of online purchase in the online retail industry. J. Ekon. Bisnis JAGADITHA. 2020;7(1):9– 17.
DOI: 10.22225/jj.7.1.583.9-17.
Chakraborty U. “The impact of source credible online reviews on purchase intention: The mediating roles of brand equity dimensions,” J. Res. Interact. Mark. 2019;13(2):142–161.
DOI: 10.1108/JRIM-06-2018-0080
Kotler P, Keller KL. Marketing management. 15th edition. Harlow: Essex Pearson Education Limite; 2016.
Lundgren RE, McMakin AH. Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks, 6th edition. Wiley-IEEE Press; 2018.
Utomo P, Kurniasari F, Purnamaningsih P. “The effects of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition, and habit on behavior intention in using mobile healthcare application.” Int. J. Community Serv. Engagem. 2021;2(4): 183–197
DOI: 10.47747/ijcse.v2i4.529
Dryhurst S, et al. “Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world.” J. Risk Res. 2020;1–13.
DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2020.1758193
Ju Y, You M. “The outrage effect of personal stake , dread , and moral nature on fine dust risk perception moderated by media use.” Health Commun. 2020;1–11.
DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1723046
Wang Y, Hazen BT. “Consumer product knowledge and intention to purchase remanufactured products int . j . production economics consumer product knowledge and intention to purchase remanufactured products.” Intern. J. Prod. Econ; 2016.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.08.031
Petahiang IL, Mekel P, Worang FG. “The influence of brand awareness and perceived risk toward consumer purchase intention on online store ( case study of the customer at feb unsrat manado ),” J. Berk. Ilm. Efisiensi. 2015;15(04):12.
Peres D, Monteiro J, Almeida MA, Ladeira R. “Risk perception of COVID-19 among Portuguese healthcare professionals and the general population,” J. Hosp. Infect. 2020;105(3):434–437,
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.038
Mantala IPF, Kt GA, Suasana G. “Peran sikap dalam memediasi pengaruh gaya hidup terhadap minat beli smartphone iphone di kota denpasar,” E-Jurnal Manaj. Unud. 2019;8(3):1487–1514.
Putra WBTS. “Problems, common beliefs and procedures on the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in business research,” South Asian J. Soc. Stud. Econ. 2022;1–20.
DOI: 10.9734/sajsse/2022/v14i130367
Young S, Oppenheimer DM. “Effect of communication strategy on personal risk perception and treatment adherence intentions Sean,” Psychol Heal. Med. Author Manuscr. 2009;23(1):1–7.
DOI: 10.1080/13548500902890103.Effect.
Winter K, Pummerer L, Hornsey MJ, Sassenberg K. “Pro-vaccination subjective norms moderate the relationship between conspiracy mentality and vaccination intentions”. 2021:1–16.
DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12550
Hasan HN, Suciarto S. “The influence of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control towards organic food purchase intention,” J. Manag. Bus. Environ. 2020;1(2):132.
DOI: 10.24167/jmbe.v1i2.2260
Ayllón RM, Alex FCR, Castro A, Leite LOC, Farias LA. “The neglected role of education in brazilian research regarding nuclear theme versus scientifi c and technological knowledge, perception and risk communication”. 2022;94:1–12.
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200942
Karasneh R, Al-azzam S, Mu S, Soudah O, Hawamdeh S. “Research in social and administrative pharmacy media ’ s e ff ect on shaping knowledge , awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists; 2020.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.027